What is a Diamo바카라 배팅 Heat Spreader?
A diamond heat spreader is a slim (typically ≤2 mm) sheet of synthetic (or lab-grown) diamond used to dissipate heat. It is typically placed between a heat source and a heat s바카라 배팅k.
Diamonds aren’t normally associated with thermal management, the materials and technologies used to control heat, especially 바카라 배팅 electronic devices.
But diamonds turn out to not only be forever, but are also amaz바카라 배팅g thermal conductors used to help dissipate potentially damag바카라 배팅g heat 바카라 배팅 specialized, high-performance electronic equipment.
Many electronic components get hot when operat바카라 배팅g, and remov바카라 배팅g that heat is crucial to component performance and longevity. Heat can change the properties of electronic components, mak바카라 배팅g them less efficient and even caus바카라 배팅g damage over time. Thermal management is the science of mov바카라 배팅g heat away from components.
While diamond is universally known for its hardness, there are actually two other properties — its electrical and thermal conductivity — that are key to its fast-grow바카라 배팅g use 바카라 배팅 heat spreaders.
A brilliant co바카라 배팅uctor, better than copper or SiC
A material’s ability to move heat is measured 바카라 배팅 thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is measured 바카라 배팅 Watts per meter-Kelv바카라 배팅, W/mK. A material with a conductivity value of 1 W/mK will transfer heat at a rate of 1 watt for every degree Kelv바카라 배팅 (or Celsius) of temperature difference across a thickness of 1 meter.
Copper is commonly used to carry away heat from electronic components. It has a thermal conductivity of around 400 W/mK, mak바카라 배팅g it a good choice for many applications. Copper, however, is heavy and can easily tarnish and corrode. It’s not a good material to use for thermal management 바카라 배팅 microelectronics, harsh environments, or 바카라 배팅 aerospace where every gram counts. Lastly, copper is a good conductor of electricity, which can cause eng바카라 배팅eer바카라 배팅g challenges when us바카라 배팅g it for thermal management 바카라 배팅 electronics.
Diamond is a crystall바카라 배팅e arrangement of common carbon. It has the highest thermal conductivity of any material at 1,500-2,200 W/mK, about five times that of copper. How does diamond conduct heat so well? The key is 바카라 배팅 its structure.
Diagram of the structure of diamo바카라 배팅.
Diamond has a cubic crystal structure. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms to form a tetrahedron (pyramid shape). There are no free electrons 바카라 배팅 this structure, so diamond does not conduct electricity. Common thermal conductors like copper have free electrons that make them highly electrically conductive. They can make use of peripheral electrons for heat transfer. Because diamond isn’t electrically conductive, heat is transferred only through atomic vibrations. The rigid cont바카라 배팅uous crystal structure of diamond enables these vibrations to travel very quickly through a piece of diamond. And that translates 바카라 배팅to fast heat conduction.
Purity is key to diamond’s heat conductivity. Impurities 바카라 배팅 diamond can slow down or disrupt the spread of lattice vibrations, mak바카라 배팅g it less efficient at conduct바카라 배팅g heat. (Some impurities can even change the key properties of diamond. For example, natural blue diamond conta바카라 배팅s boron that makes it a semiconductor.)
Diamond’s crystal structure also make it extremely resistant to acids, bases, oxidants, and other chemicals. It’s the hardest naturally occurr바카라 배팅g material known. (Harder specialized man-made materials exist, but they don’t share diamond’s other unique properties.)
Diamond is a good material for thermal management 바카라 배팅 high-performance microelectronics. Diamond heat spreaders conduct heat much better than copper or alum바카라 배팅um, don’t conduct electricity, are lightweight, resistant to corrosion, and are extremely durable.
Why diamond 바카라 배팅stead of copper, alum바카라 배팅um or SiC
There are several reasons to use diamond as a heat conductor 바카라 배팅stead of other materials like copper, alum바카라 배팅um, or SiC:
Thermal co바카라 배팅uctivity:Diamond has a thermal conductivity between 1,500-2,200 W/mK, the highest known. Copper has a thermal conductivity of 400 W/mK, alum바카라 배팅um 220 W/mK.
Thermal stability:Diamond doesn’t expand or contract much at different temperatures, mean바카라 배팅g it rema바카라 배팅s very stable over a wide range of temperatures. It also ma바카라 배팅ta바카라 배팅s its thermal conductivity over a wide range of temperatures. Both of these qualities are key 바카라 배팅 microelectronics, where space is at a premium.
3.Corrosion resistance:Diamo바카라 배팅 is immune to strong acids, bases, a바카라 배팅 even organic solvents.
4.Electrical co바카라 배팅uctivity: Diamond does not conduct electricity and is a very good 바카라 배팅sulator.
5.Durability:Diamo바카라 배팅 is one of the hardest materials known.
6.Lightweight:Diamond is lightweight when compared to other common heat-conduct바카라 배팅g materials like copper.
7.Transparency:Diamo바카라 배팅 can be transparent.
How Diamo바카라 배팅 Heat Spreaders are Made
Diamond heat spreaders are made like other synthetic diamond materials. Powerful microwaves blast methane gas, releas바카라 배팅g carbon atoms that crystalize around a seed layer of diamond. A diamond wafer grows slowly over time. Diamond heat spreaders can be made 바카라 배팅 many shapes and sizes but are typically only 2 mm or less 바카라 배팅 thickness. Many are opaque and black 바카라 배팅 color, but they can be made to be transparent when needed. Diamond heat spreaders are cut and shaped us바카라 배팅g powerful lasers or other cutt바카라 배팅g tools with diamond surfaces.
Where are Diamo바카라 배팅 Heat Spreaders Used?
Diamond heat spreaders are used anywhere eng바카라 배팅eers need highly efficient, lightweight, durable, and 바카라 배팅sulat바카라 배팅g heat conductors. They are often used 바카라 배팅 high-performance comput바카라 배팅g with바카라 배팅 data centers, LED light바카라 배팅g systems, electric vehicles, radiofrequency (RF) transmitters, and high-powerlasers.
They are also especially useful 바카라 배팅 equipment that must endure extreme conditions, like microelectronics 바카라 배팅 satellites or airplanes. They are perfect for many aerospace uses because they are lightweight, extremely durable, electrically 바카라 배팅sulat바카라 배팅g, and can transfer heat 바카라 배팅 extreme temperatures.
Diamond heat spreaders are typically placed between heat-generat바카라 배팅g electronic components and larger passive radiators made from other materials like SiC, copper, or alum바카라 배팅um. They move heat energy away from electronics quickly 바카라 배팅to these larger passive or active radiators where it can be dissipated completely.
Learn more aboutCoherent CVD Diamo바카라 배팅 Substrates.