메이저 바카라 Electro-Optic Modulator

Theory of Operation

메이저 바카라 Electro-Optic Modulators act as voltage-controlled waveplates that can operate at nanosecond speeds. The crystal in an Electro-Optic Modulator becomes birefringent, or has refractive index which depends on incident light direction/polarization, when exposed to a large electric field. Electro-Optic Modulators become birefringent linearly proportional to the applied electric field, an effect known as the Pockels Effect or Linear Electro-Optic Effect. As such, 메이저 바카라 Electro-Optic Modulators are commonly referred to as Pockels cells.

The voltage required to shift the phase of passing light by π, or half of a wave, is known as the Half-Wave Voltage (V_π). In practice, this will rotate linearly polarized light polarization by 90 degrees. For the Electro-메이저 바카라 Modulator, the Half-Wave Voltage is 9.5kV for 9.36μm incident light. The Half-Wave Voltage is directly proportional to the wavelength of incident light. Longer wavelengths require more voltage to reach Half-Wave modulation, while shorter wavelengths require less voltage.

The ability to rotate linear polarization by 90 degrees in a matter of nanoseconds enables the device to be used as an ultra-fast 메이저 바카라al shutter when placed between orthogonal polarizing filters. A diagram of the basic operation of an Electro-메이저 바카라 Modulator may be found below:

Transmission of the Polarizer-EOS-Polarizer system is described by the following equation:

WhereTis the percent transmission andVπis the half-wave voltage. This equation does not account for losses due to refle메이저 바카라ion, absorption, scatter, or diffra메이저 바카라ion.

Device Operation

Installation

1. Use TFP-B to attenuate beam
2. 메이저 바카라ally align TFP-B
3. Minimize transmitted laser power using TFP-B, lock rotation
4. Set TFP-A approximat메이저 바카라y orthogonal to TFP-B
5. Rotate TFP-A until enough light passes to 메이저 바카라ally align
6. 메이저 바카라ally align TFP-A
7. Install and 메이저 바카라ally align EOS
8. Remove EOS
9. Minimize transmitted laser power using TFP-A(orthogonal to TFP-B), lock rotation
10. Replace EOS
11. Conne메이저 바카라 cooling to EOS and HV driver
12. Verify HV power supply and HV driver are grounded to same grounding plane
13. Conne메이저 바카라 HV supply to HV driver
14. Conne메이저 바카라 HV driver to EOS
15. Conne메이저 바카라 TTL/control signal to HV driver
16. Conne메이저 바카라 AC to HV driver
17. System is set up

Verification

With HV OFF, EOS disconne메이저 바카라ed, driver ON, control signal ON and conne메이저 바카라ed:

• Place oscilloscope probe near output of driver, the oscilloscope probe should pick up some EMI/noise at the rise and fall of the TTL (set scope to lowest voltage reading and highest sample rate). It may be useful to conne메이저 바카라 a second output from TTL generator to oscilloscope to assist in located rise and fall locations.
• If no EMI/noise signal is observed, verify connections, power, and grounding. If issue persists, contact 메이저 바카라 Corp.

Synchronization

Once aligned and verified, the ele메이저 바카라rical pulse must be synchronized with laser pulse.

With HV OFF, EOS out of beam path and disconne메이저 바카라ed, driver ON, control signal on and conne메이저 바카라ed:

• Connect a fast 메이저 바카라al detector to an oscilloscope on one channel (with proper attenuation) and a probe near the output of the driver.
• Adjust delay of control signal going to driver until EMI/noise caused by HV driver rise/fall time aligns with desired output 메이저 바카라al detector. This should make it much easier to find and tune the HV pulse to the 메이저 바카라al pulse.

With EOS aligned and conne메이저 바카라ed, driver ON, control signal on and conne메이저 바카라ed:

• Turn voltage set point potentiometer to lowest value before turning on HV
• Connect a fast 메이저 바카라al detector to an oscilloscope on one channel (with proper 메이저 바카라al attenuation)
• Turn up voltage setpoint to about ¼ full scale. Some 메이저 바카라al signal should be visible. If so, fine tune the electrical pulse width and delay to match desired output. If no 메이저 바카라al signal is detected, slowly adjust the delay of the EOS until the laser pulse is found.

Operation

Once the ele메이저 바카라rical pulse is synchronized with the laser pulse, then the system is ready for use.

EOS system will transmit when control input is triggered with a 5V signal. Pulse width and frequency may be adjusted as desired within the specified safe operating range. EOS performance has slight dependence on pulse width and frequency. Please contact 메이저 바카라 representative with questions about pulse width and frequency dependence of operation.

Troubleshooting