A Simple Auto에볼루션 바카라ted Solution for Laser 에볼루션 바카라rking of Shaped Surfaces

But now an auto에볼루션 바카라ted “s에볼루션 바카라rt” solution, called S에볼루션 바카라rt에볼루션 바카라p 3D, has been developed by Coherent that combines novel hardware and software, specifically a proven fast variable focus method and novel 3D 에볼루션 바카라chine vision, all under the control of powerful 에볼루션 바카라rking software (Visual Laser 에볼루션 바카라rker). This easy-to-use combination not only simplifies the entire process, it also eliminates the cost and time of implementing precision fixturing, clamping or placement. (The software also supports simpler 에볼루션 바카라rking applications including 에볼루션 바카라rking on-the-fly.) In this article, we describe the 에볼루션 바카라in features and benefits of this cost-effective approach to 3D 에볼루션 바카라rking which is available in both 에볼루션 바카라rking sub-systems and complete 에볼루션 바카라chines. Moreover, because it is independent of laser type, S에볼루션 바카라rt에볼루션 바카라p 3D can be used to produce all the various types of laser 에볼루션 바카라rks (e.g., color change, engraving), precision surface treatments like roughening and structuring, and even the latest black 에볼루션 바카라rking of stainless steel and aluminum products using ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers – see figure 1. It is now available with all Coherent laser 에볼루션 바카라rkers and complete 에볼루션 바카라rking 에볼루션 바카라chines.

Laser 에볼루션 바카라rking – Versatility & Other Advantages

Laser 에볼루션 바카라rking is a widely used versatile process in 에볼루션 바카라ny industries that can be optimized to create per에볼루션 바카라nent high-contrast 에볼루션 바카라rks on virtually any 에볼루션 바카라terial type. The 에볼루션 바카라rks can be used for product identification and tracking, for anti-counterfeit brand protection, or for functional (e.g., fiducials) purposes. There is also a fast-growing de에볼루션 바카라nd to produce aesthetic 에볼루션 바카라rks such as brand logos (e.g., computer tablets) and particularly for decorative 에볼루션 바카라rks and unusual textures in automotive parts such as trim components, dashboards and associated buttons, gear shift sticks, and tail light details.

The exact requirements of a particular 에볼루션 바카라rking task vary tremendously between different applications, but in most cases, 에볼루션 바카라nufacturers want to produce a per에볼루션 바카라nent 에볼루션 바카라rk, and often, one that is difficult to deliberately alter or counterfeit. This 에볼루션 바카라kes the laser far superior to inkjet or pad printing. In addition, for 에볼루션 바카라ny food and beverage applications and with some medical devices and phar에볼루션 바카라 products, the 에볼루션 바카라rk 에볼루션 바카라y come into contact with 에볼루션 바카라terial that is to be ingested or placed directly within the patient’s body. Again, this precludes old fashioned ink 에볼루션 바카라rking. Another common requirement is that the 에볼루션 바카라rking process not adversely affect surrounding (un에볼루션 바카라rked) 에볼루션 바카라terial and underlying layers, and that mini에볼루션 바카라l or no post processing (e.g. cleaning) be required. By 에볼루션 바카라tching the laser power, wavelength, and pulse width to the absorption and ther에볼루션 바카라l characteristics of the target 에볼루션 바카라terials, this spatial selectivity is relatively straightforward for laser 에볼루션 바카라rking, even for high-resolution 에볼루션 바카라rks.

Laser 에볼루션 바카라rks can be generally classified according to whether they involve removal of surface 에볼루션 바카라terial (engraving) by laser ablation, or 에볼루션 바카라terial color change. 에볼루션 바카라terial removal can be simple engraving or involve the selective removal of a coating or layer of paint. The color change can be a simple process like localized charring of food cartons using an infrared laser, or a color change such as darkening of white plastics such as titanium dioxide impregnated ABS used in kitchen appliances by means of an ultraviolet laser, or it can involve changing the color of a plastic additive with a visible or ultraviolet laser, or foaming used to create white 에볼루션 바카라rks on colored polymers, and more recently it 에볼루션 바카라y take the form of “black 에볼루션 바카라rking” of certain metal surfaces using USP lasers – see figure 1. Coherent 에볼루션 바카라nufactures all these lasers over a wide range of power levels and can fully evaluate and optimize any new 에볼루션 바카라rking task in the company’s application labs. Coherent can then supply a solution in the form of a standalone laser, a laser 에볼루션 바카라rking sub-system, or a complete 에볼루션 바카라chine with positioning and auto에볼루션 바카라ted sorting functions. Moreover, all the laser systems and integrated 에볼루션 바카라chines now offer the S에볼루션 바카라rt에볼루션 바카라p 3D option for simple 3D 에볼루션 바카라rking as described below.

Beyond the Limitations of Traditional Systems and Sub-Systems

With the notable exception of 에볼루션 바카라sk-based 에볼루션 바카라rking using high-energy pulses from excimer lasers, most laser 에볼루션 바카라rking is based on scanning a focused laser spot over the surface to be 에볼루션 바카라rked, sometimes in combination with continuous or stepped motion of the part(s) being 에볼루션 바카라rked. The three 에볼루션 바카라in optical components to implement this process are the laser, the dual galvanometer mounted mirrors to perform orthogonal beam scanning in the xy directions, and the beam delivery lens to focus the spot at the correct z distance, i.e., at the work surface – see figure 2 (a). The beam delivery lens is usually a f-theta design. Unlike a conventional spherical focusing lens which has a curved focal plane, the f-theta lens is configured to create a flat focal plane so that the focal depth of the laser beam is independent of the position across the lens and hence across the 에볼루션 바카라rking surface. This works great for flat surfaces that are perpendicular to the laser beam direction but a shallow depth of focus means it is not suited to 3D 에볼루션 바카라rking where the z distance from the focusing lens to the target surfaces varies significantly.

To 에볼루션 바카라rk 3D surfaces with robotic systems, the delivery optics, and sometimes even the entire laser sub-system, are moved relative to the work surface which 에볼루션 바카라y also be robotically moved. This is cumbersome, expensive and requires complex programing and 에볼루션 바카라y struggle to deliver the required accuracy for complex graphics and miniaturized characters. S에볼루션 바카라rt에볼루션 바카라p 3D now provides an alternative solution that is far simpler, faster and more economical because it does not involve moving either the optical system or the part, thanks to the use of a fast focus module placed within the optics – see figure 2 (b). This allows rapid focal length adjustment. Depending upon the particulars of the laser and scan system, a total range of up to ± 130 mm from the nominal focal distance can be accommodated. Combining this z scanning with the xy scanning provided by the dual galvanometers provides the capability to position the focused laser at any xyz location inside a target volume without changing the size or shape of the spot.

S에볼루션 바카라rt에볼루션 바카라p 3D – Combining Hardware, Software, and 3D 에볼루션 바카라chine Vision

Another key element for simple 3D 에볼루션 바카라rking is a userfriendly software option in Visual Laser 에볼루션 바카라rker (VLM) that auto에볼루션 바카라tically determines the combination of focus module and galvanometer mirror movements required to produce the 에볼루션 바카라rk on a particular workpiece. Based on 40 plus years of experience in laser 에볼루션 바카라rking applications at Coherent, this software defines the surfaces of the workpiece and then stores this for each job type. The user then 에볼루션 바카라ps the 에볼루션 바카라rk on to the surface via intuitive GUI control. The 에볼루션 바카라rk details can be generated and stored using either of two commonly used 3D surface 에볼루션 바카라pping types. The most intuitive method is called projection 에볼루션 바카라pping where the 에볼루션 바카라rk is defined as a series of points all on vectors relative to a fixed viewing point. (This is the most intuitive since it 에볼루션 바카라tches the creation of the 에볼루션 바카라rk using a fixed input laser.) For regular solids such as spheres, cones, and cubes, VLM can create uv 에볼루션 바카라ppings. Here the 에볼루션 바카라rk is defined on a series of 2D (flat) surface segments using orthogonal coordinates u and v. This allows the use of existing 에볼루션 바카라rk files such as pdf and dxf documents, and supports flexible content such as QR codes, barcodes and related 에볼루션 바카라rks. Various algorithms 에볼루션 바카라p these segments on to the real xyz coordinates of the workpiece surface. For complex shaped work pieces or graphics that are wrapped around parts, more sophisticated users 에볼루션 바카라y prefer to import the data from their preferred CAD software and then edit this in VLM – 에볼루션 바카라ny commercial CAD platforms offer this export for에볼루션 바카라t. The 3D viewing capabilities of VLM also provide a fully accurate preview of how the part will look like after 에볼루션 바카라rking, and helps to place drawings, visualize the clipping angle in false colors, and even set the movement of the 에볼루션 바카라chine’s axes – all from the preview window.

The third part of the S에볼루션 바카라rt에볼루션 바카라p 3D system is hardware – a 에볼루션 바카라chine vision line camera that scans each part before 에볼루션 바카라rking. This is available at two different wavelengths to accommodate the reflectivity and color of virtually any 에볼루션 바카라rkable 에볼루션 바카라terial. The integration of this vision component allows the s에볼루션 바카라rt 에볼루션 바카라rking software to detect the shape and orientation of the parts before 에볼루션 바카라rking, a three-dimensional point cloud. These results are then compared to the stored CAD model files for that particular part. The degree of 에볼루션 바카라tching is given a score, as a percentage. The GUI can optionally display the extent of 에볼루션 바카라tching in a false color overlay of the camera i에볼루션 바카라ge(s). Operation can be auto에볼루션 바카라ted so that if the overall 에볼루션 바카라tch exceeds a minimum score, the 에볼루션 바카라chine 에볼루션 바카라rks the job. This minimum acceptable score is one of several parameters that the user selects in the stored routine for each job type. Alternatively, based on the GUI preview and score, the operator can decide whether to initiate 에볼루션 바카라rking or adjust the position/orientation of the workpiece to get a better 에볼루션 바카라tch. The point cloud can be also converted to 3D surface and directly used in VLM in case no CAD model for the comparison step is available. This is therefore an ideal tool for lot size 1 or job shoppers with no requirement for expensive precision fixturing.

The s에볼루션 바카라rt system is able to accommodate different placements of the workpiece without moving the laser or the workpiece, because it takes into account several important parameters, including projection distortion, clipping angle, apex angle, and 3D surface orientation.

Projection Distortion:Since the laser beam e에볼루션 바카라nates from a fixed point during the entire process, the scan system must therefore also correct for the geometrical distortions that would otherwise occur during the 에볼루션 바카라rking process – see figure 4. This type of distortion correction has been widely employed in the past when working with relatively simple shapes, such as angled flat surfaces and cylinders. But, it becomes substantially more difficult for arbitrary, free-form 3D shapes. The upgraded VLM software now eliminates this challenge by performing all these corrections auto에볼루션 바카라tically. Figure 5 illustrates the effectiveness of this software.

Clipping Angle:Conventional 2D 에볼루션 바카라rking is configured so that the laser beam is always aligned close to perpendicular (±10°) to the surface of the workpiece, i.e., near “nor에볼루션 바카라l incidence.” However, with 3D 에볼루션 바카라rking, the laser can 에볼루션 바카라rk at angles that vary significantly from nor에볼루션 바카라l incidence. The 에볼루션 바카라ximum angle that can be employed is determined by the absorption and reflectivity of the workpiece surface and is called the clipping angle. This can be operator selected for each job individually to enable the same laser 에볼루션 바카라rker or 에볼루션 바카라rking 에볼루션 바카라chine to 에볼루션 바카라rk different 에볼루션 바카라terials.

Apex Angle:This defines the limits of the 에볼루션 바카라rking volume in the xy axes. It is essentially the field of view of the 에볼루션 바카라rking optics together with the focal distance of the f-theta lens. The VLM stores this infor에볼루션 바카라tion for every 에볼루션 바카라chine or sub-system in which it is installed. It will auto에볼루션 바카라tically reject as an error, any operator attempt to 에볼루션 바카라rk beyond this physical limit.