A Simple Automated Solution for Laser 에볼루션 바카라 of Shaped Surfaces

But now an automated “smart” solution, called SmartMap 3D, has been developed by Coherent that combines novel hardware and software, specifically a proven fast variable focus method and novel 3D machine vision, all under the control of powerful 에볼루션 바카라 software (Visual Laser Marker). This easy-to-use combination not only simplifies the entire process, it also eliminates the cost and time of implementing precision fixturing, clamping or placement. (The software also supports simpler 에볼루션 바카라 applications including 에볼루션 바카라 on-the-fly.) In this article, we describe the main features and benefits of this cost-effective approach to 3D 에볼루션 바카라 which is available in both 에볼루션 바카라 sub-systems and complete machines. Moreover, because it is independent of laser type, SmartMap 3D can be used to produce all the various types of laser marks (e.g., color change, engraving), precision surface treatments like roughening and structuring, and even the latest black 에볼루션 바카라 of stainless steel and aluminum products using ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers – see figure 1. It is now available with all Coherent laser markers and complete 에볼루션 바카라 machines.

Laser 에볼루션 바카라 – Versatility & Other Advantages

Laser 에볼루션 바카라 is a widely used versatile process in many industries that can be optimized to create permanent high-contrast marks on virtually any material type. The marks can be used for product identification and tracking, for anti-counterfeit brand protection, or for functional (e.g., fiducials) purposes. There is also a fast-growing demand to produce aesthetic marks such as brand logos (e.g., computer tablets) and particularly for decorative marks and unusual textures in automotive parts such as trim components, dashboards and associated buttons, gear shift sticks, and tail light details.

The exact requirements of a particular 에볼루션 바카라 task vary tremendously between different applications, but in most cases, manufacturers want to produce a permanent mark, and often, one that is difficult to deliberately alter or counterfeit. This makes the laser far superior to inkjet or pad printing. In addition, for many food and beverage applications and with some medical devices and pharma products, the mark may come into contact with material that is to be ingested or placed directly within the patient’s body. Again, this precludes old fashioned ink 에볼루션 바카라. Another common requirement is that the 에볼루션 바카라 process not adversely affect surrounding (unmarked) material and underlying layers, and that minimal or no post processing (e.g. cleaning) be required. By matching the laser power, wavelength, and pulse width to the absorption and thermal characteristics of the target materials, this spatial selectivity is relatively straightforward for laser 에볼루션 바카라, even for high-resolution marks.

Laser marks can be generally classified according to whether they involve removal of surface material (engraving) by laser ablation, or material color change. Material removal can be simple engraving or involve the selective removal of a coating or layer of paint. The color change can be a simple process like localized charring of food cartons using an infrared laser, or a color change such as darkening of white plastics such as titanium dioxide impregnated ABS used in kitchen appliances by means of an ultraviolet laser, or it can involve changing the color of a plastic additive with a visible or ultraviolet laser, or foaming used to create white marks on colored polymers, and more recently it may take the form of “black 에볼루션 바카라” of certain metal surfaces using USP lasers – see figure 1. Coherent manufactures all these lasers over a wide range of power levels and can fully evaluate and optimize any new 에볼루션 바카라 task in the company’s application labs. Coherent can then supply a solution in the form of a standalone laser, a laser 에볼루션 바카라 sub-system, or a complete machine with positioning and automated sorting functions. Moreover, all the laser systems and integrated machines now offer the SmartMap 3D option for simple 3D 에볼루션 바카라 as described below.

Beyond the Limitations of Traditional Systems and Sub-Systems

With the notable exception of mask-based 에볼루션 바카라 using high-energy pulses from excimer lasers, most laser 에볼루션 바카라 is based on scanning a focused laser spot over the surface to be marked, sometimes in combination with continuous or stepped motion of the part(s) being marked. The three main optical components to implement this process are the laser, the dual galvanometer mounted mirrors to perform orthogonal beam scanning in the xy directions, and the beam delivery lens to focus the spot at the correct z distance, i.e., at the work surface – see figure 2 (a). The beam delivery lens is usually a f-theta design. Unlike a conventional spherical focusing lens which has a curved focal plane, the f-theta lens is configured to create a flat focal plane so that the focal depth of the laser beam is independent of the position across the lens and hence across the 에볼루션 바카라 surface. This works great for flat surfaces that are perpendicular to the laser beam direction but a shallow depth of focus means it is not suited to 3D 에볼루션 바카라 where the z distance from the focusing lens to the target surfaces varies significantly.

To mark 3D surfaces with robotic systems, the delivery optics, and sometimes even the entire 에볼루션 바카라 sub-system, are moved relative to the work surface which may also be robotically moved. This is cumbersome, expensive and requires complex programing and may struggle to deliver the required accuracy for complex graphics and miniaturized characters. SmartMap 3D now provides an alternative solution that is far simpler, faster and more economical because it does not involve moving either the optical system or the part, thanks to the use of a fast focus module placed within the optics – see figure 2 (b). This allows rapid focal length adjustment. Depending upon the particulars of the 에볼루션 바카라 and scan system, a total range of up to ± 130 mm from the nominal focal distance can be accommodated. Combining this z scanning with the xy scanning provided by the dual galvanometers provides the capability to position the focused 에볼루션 바카라 at any xyz location inside a target volume without changing the size or shape of the spot.

SmartMap 에볼루션 바카라 – Combining Hardware, Software, and 에볼루션 바카라 Machine Vision

Another key element for simple 3D 에볼루션 바카라 is a userfriendly software option in Visual Laser Marker (VLM) that automatically determines the combination of focus module and galvanometer mirror movements required to produce the mark on a particular workpiece. Based on 40 plus years of experience in laser 에볼루션 바카라 applications at Coherent, this software defines the surfaces of the workpiece and then stores this for each job type. The user then maps the mark on to the surface via intuitive GUI control. The mark details can be generated and stored using either of two commonly used 3D surface mapping types. The most intuitive method is called projection mapping where the mark is defined as a series of points all on vectors relative to a fixed viewing point. (This is the most intuitive since it matches the creation of the mark using a fixed input laser.) For regular solids such as spheres, cones, and cubes, VLM can create uv mappings. Here the mark is defined on a series of 2D (flat) surface segments using orthogonal coordinates u and v. This allows the use of existing mark files such as pdf and dxf documents, and supports flexible content such as QR codes, barcodes and related marks. Various algorithms map these segments on to the real xyz coordinates of the workpiece surface. For complex shaped work pieces or graphics that are wrapped around parts, more sophisticated users may prefer to import the data from their preferred CAD software and then edit this in VLM – many commercial CAD platforms offer this export format. The 3D viewing capabilities of VLM also provide a fully accurate preview of how the part will look like after 에볼루션 바카라, and helps to place drawings, visualize the clipping angle in false colors, and even set the movement of the machine’s axes – all from the preview window.

The third part of the SmartMap 3D system is hardware – a machine vision line camera that scans each part before 에볼루션 바카라. This is available at two different wavelengths to accommodate the reflectivity and color of virtually any markable material. The integration of this vision component allows the smart 에볼루션 바카라 software to detect the shape and orientation of the parts before 에볼루션 바카라, a three-dimensional point cloud. These results are then compared to the stored CAD model files for that particular part. The degree of matching is given a score, as a percentage. The GUI can optionally display the extent of matching in a false color overlay of the camera image(s). Operation can be automated so that if the overall match exceeds a minimum score, the machine marks the job. This minimum acceptable score is one of several parameters that the user selects in the stored routine for each job type. Alternatively, based on the GUI preview and score, the operator can decide whether to initiate 에볼루션 바카라 or adjust the position/orientation of the workpiece to get a better match. The point cloud can be also converted to 3D surface and directly used in VLM in case no CAD model for the comparison step is available. This is therefore an ideal tool for lot size 1 or job shoppers with no requirement for expensive precision fixturing.

The smart system is able to accommodate different placements of the workpiece without moving the 에볼루션 바카라 or the workpiece, because it takes into account several important parameters, including projection distortion, clipping angle, apex angle, and 3D surface orientation.

Projection Distortion:Since the laser beam emanates from a fixed point during the entire process, the scan system must therefore also correct for the geometrical distortions that would otherwise occur during the 에볼루션 바카라 process – see figure 4. This type of distortion correction has been widely employed in the past when working with relatively simple shapes, such as angled flat surfaces and cylinders. But, it becomes substantially more difficult for arbitrary, free-form 3D shapes. The upgraded VLM software now eliminates this challenge by performing all these corrections automatically. Figure 5 illustrates the effectiveness of this software.

Clipping Angle:Conventional 2D 에볼루션 바카라 is configured so that the laser beam is always aligned close to perpendicular (±10°) to the surface of the workpiece, i.e., near “normal incidence.” However, with 3D 에볼루션 바카라, the laser can mark at angles that vary significantly from normal incidence. The maximum angle that can be employed is determined by the absorption and reflectivity of the workpiece surface and is called the clipping angle. This can be operator selected for each job individually to enable the same laser marker or 에볼루션 바카라 machine to mark different materials.

Apex Angle:This defines the limits of the 에볼루션 바카라 volume in the xy axes. It is essentially the field of view of the 에볼루션 바카라 optics together with the focal distance of the f-theta lens. The VLM stores this information for every machine or sub-system in which it is installed. It will automatically reject as an error, any operator attempt to mark beyond this physical limit.