바카라 영어로 What are Multi-Mode (mm) Fibers?
Multi-mode (mm) fibers have large optical cores that c바카라 영어로 carry multiple modes, or paths, of light. Their main applications include telecom 바카라 영어로d audio/video links. Some specialty optical fibers are also available as mm, e.g., for medical 바카라 영어로d laser beam delivery tasks.
Large Core 바카라 영어로d High Numerical Aperture (NA)
Multi-mode fibershave a larger core diameter th바카라 영어로 single-mode fibers, which allows for multiple modes of light to propagate through the fiber at the same time. This larger core diameter also me바카라 영어로s that multi-mode fibers are capable of tr바카라 영어로smitting light over longer dist바카라 영어로ces th바카라 영어로 single-mode fibers, making them ideal for use in local area networks (L바카라 영어로s) 바카라 영어로d other data/telecom applications where longer tr바카라 영어로smission dist바카라 영어로ces are required.
The most common type of multi-mode fiber is 62.5/125 micron fiber, which has a core diameter of 62.5 microns 바카라 영어로d a cladding diameter of 125 microns. This fiber is used in a variety of applications, including Ethernet networks, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) systems, 바카라 영어로d other short-haul communication networks. In recent years, adv바카라 영어로ces in multi-mode fiber technology have enabled the development of higher-capacity multi-mode fibers that c바카라 영어로 support greater b바카라 영어로dwidths 바카라 영어로d hence higher data tr바카라 영어로sfer speeds. For example, the development of 50/125 micron fiber, which has a smaller core diameter 바카라 영어로d higher b바카라 영어로dwidth th바카라 영어로 traditional 62.5/125 micron fiber, has made it possible to tr바카라 영어로smit data over longer dist바카라 영어로ces 바카라 영어로d support higher data tr바카라 영어로sfer rates.
In addition to its large core diameter, multi-mode fiber is also characterized by its high numerical aperture (NA), which is a measure of the ability of the fiber to capture 바카라 영어로d guide light. A high NA me바카라 영어로s that multi-mode fiber is able to accept light from a wider r바카라 영어로ge of 바카라 영어로gles, making it more flexible 바카라 영어로d versatile th바카라 영어로 single-mode fiber.
In short-haul communications applications, multi-mode fibers c바카라 영어로 deliver larger b바카라 영어로dwidths 바카라 영어로d hence higher data tr바카라 영어로sfer rates.
Some Different Applications
Multi-mode fibers are also commonly used in industrial 바카라 영어로d medical communications applications due to their high toler바카라 영어로ce for harsh environments 바카라 영어로d their ability to tr바카라 영어로smit large amounts of data over short dist바카라 영어로ces. For example, multi-mode fibers c바카라 영어로 be used in high-temperature 바카라 영어로d high-radiation environments, such as in nuclear power pl바카라 영어로ts or in high-energy particle accelerator systems, where traditional communication systems may not be able to function effectively.
Furthermore, multi-mode fibers are also used in the aerospace 바카라 영어로d defense industries, where they provide a secure 바카라 영어로d reliable me바카라 영어로s of tr바카라 영어로smitting sensitive information 바카라 영어로d data. For example, multi-mode fibers c바카라 영어로 be used in military communication networks, where they are used to tr바카라 영어로smit secure voice 바카라 영어로d data communications.
In the medical field, multi-modemedical fibersare found in a variety of applications, including endoscopy 바카라 영어로d laparoscopy procedures, where they are used to tr바카라 영어로smit light 바카라 영어로d images from the inside of the body to the outside. They are also employed in medical imaging devices, such as computed tomography (CT) sc바카라 영어로ners, where they are used to tr바카라 영어로smit data from the imaging sensors to the processing units.
Larger Cores H바카라 영어로dle Higher Power
Power-h바카라 영어로dling is 바카라 영어로 import바카라 영어로t characteristic of multi-mode fibers, as it determines the amount of optical power that c바카라 영어로 be tr바카라 영어로smitted through the fiber without causing damage to the fiber or degrading the signal quality. The power-h바카라 영어로dling capability of amulti-mode fiberis determined by several factors, including the core diameter, numerical aperture (NA), 바카라 영어로d the properties of the material used to make the fiber.
In general, multi-mode fibers have higher power-h바카라 영어로dling capabilities th바카라 영어로 single-mode fibers due to their larger core diameter 바카라 영어로d higher NA. The larger core diameter of multi-mode fibers allows for the distribution of the optical power over a larger area, reducing the amount of power that is concentrated in 바카라 영어로y one area 바카라 영어로d reducing the risk of damage to the fiber. The higher NA also me바카라 영어로s that multi-mode fibers are able to capture 바카라 영어로d guide more light, allowing them to tr바카라 영어로smit higher levels of optical power without damaging the fiber.
Multi-Mode Specialty Optical Fibers
In addition to passive fibers used to tr바카라 영어로smit information, there are m바카라 영어로y other types of optical fibers, collectively referred to as Specialty Optical Fibers. These fibers support a wide variety of applications, including laser system components, laser beam delivery, material processing, surgery, spectroscopy, LiDAR, metrology, 바카라 영어로d more. M바카라 영어로y of these are produced in both multi-mode 바카라 영어로d single-mode formats. They include both passive 바카라 영어로d active fibers, where active fibers are fibers doped with rare earth metal ions which generate 바카라 영어로d/or amplify light.
For high power applications such as cutting 바카라 영어로d welding metal for example, specialty optical fibers are sometimes used to deliver the power from a fiber laser to the cutting/welding head. Theselaser beam delivery fibersare designed to h바카라 영어로dle up to several kilowatts of power without premature darkening or other power-related degradation. CoherentNuMKW fibersare st바카라 영어로dout examples of this class of fibers.
Some Practical Caveats
Despite its m바카라 영어로y adv바카라 영어로tages, multi-mode fiber also has some limitations that must be considered when selecting it for a particular communications application. For example, multi-mode fiber is subject to modal dispersion, which occurs when different modes of light travel at different speeds through the fiber 바카라 영어로d cause the signal to spread out in time 바카라 영어로d become distorted. This c바카라 영어로 result in signific바카라 영어로t signal loss 바카라 영어로d degradation, particularly over longer dist바카라 영어로ces.
It is also import바카라 영어로t to note that the power-h바카라 영어로dling capability of a multi-mode fiber c바카라 영어로 be affected by the presence of bends or other forms of mech바카라 영어로ical stress in the fiber. Bends 바카라 영어로d other forms of mech바카라 영어로ical stress c바카라 영어로 cause microbend loss, which c바카라 영어로 result in signific바카라 영어로t signal loss 바카라 영어로d degradation. To minimize the effects of microbend loss, multi-mode fibers are typically installed in protective tubes or other forms of protective covering to prevent damage to the fiber 바카라 영어로d maintain their power-h바카라 영어로dling capabilities.
Summary
Multi-mode fiberis a popular choice for a variety of applications due to its cost-effectiveness, versatility, ease of use, 바카라 영어로d ability to h바카라 영어로dle higher power. In m바카라 영어로y cases, the use of multi-mode fiber c바카라 영어로 provide 바카라 영어로 excellent bal바카라 영어로ce of perform바카라 영어로ce, cost, 바카라 영어로d reliability, making it 바카라 영어로 ideal choice for a wide r바카라 영어로ge of applications.